Wingtip vortices and ground effect

Where the vortices come from, how to stay out of someone else's wake, and what the ground does to them.

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Weight

Airspeed65 kt

Show downwash and upwash

Taking off behind a jet

Landing behind a jet

Crosswind (Figure 5-15)

Crosswind from the right0 kt

Wake turbulence rules

Vortices are strongest behind an airplane that's heavy, clean, and slow.
Avoid flying through another aircraft's flight path.
Taking off behind: rotate before their rotation point.
Don't follow on a similar path within 1,000 ft below.
Landing behind: stay above their path and touch down past their touchdown point.
Vortices drift with the wind. Not sure where they lifted off or touched down? About 3 minutes lets the wake break up.

PHAK Chapter 5, pp. 5-9 to 5-11

Height1 span

Landing

Takeoff

Generic trainer. Use the speeds in your POH.